Highly efficient synthesis of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) by dehydration of carbohydrates was catalyzed by hexachlorotriphosphazene (N_{3<\/sub>P3<\/sub>Cl6<\/sub>) in ionic liquids.<\/p>\n}

Development of efficient catalysts for the dehydration of carbohydrates to produce 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is a very attractive topic. In this work, dehydration of fructose catalyzed by three organic molecules, including hexachlorotriphosphazene (N_{3<\/sub>P3<\/sub>Cl6<\/sub>), trichloromelamine (C3<\/sub>N6<\/sub>H3<\/sub>Cl3<\/sub>) and\u00a0N<\/em>-bromosuccinimide (NBS), was studied in ionic liquids. It was discovered that the three organic molecules had high activity in accelerating the dehydration of fructose and N3<\/sub>P3<\/sub>Cl6<\/sub>\u00a0was the most efficient catalyst among them. The effects of amount of catalysts, temperature, solvents, reaction time, and substrate\/solvent weight ratio on the reaction were investigated using N3<\/sub>P3<\/sub>Cl6<\/sub>\u00a0as the catalyst and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([Bmim]Cl) as the solvent. It was demonstrated that the N3<\/sub>P3<\/sub>Cl6<\/sub>\/[Bmim]Cl catalytic system was very effective for catalyzing the reaction. The yield of HMF could reach 92.8% in 20 min at the optimized conditions and the N3<\/sub>P3<\/sub>Cl6<\/sub>\/[Bmim]Cl system could be reused. Further study indicated that the N3<\/sub>P3<\/sub>Cl6<\/sub>\/[Bmim]Cl system was also effective for the dehydration of sucrose and inulin and satisfactory yield could be obtained at suitable conditions.<\/p>\n}

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