![\"File:L-citrulline](\"http:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/e\/ee\/L-citrulline_wpmp.png\/800px-L-citrulline_wpmp.png\")
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The\u00a0organic compound<\/a>\u00a0citrulline<\/b>\u00a0is an \u03b1-amino acid<\/a>. Its name is derived from\u00a0citrullus<\/a>, theLatin<\/a>\u00a0word for\u00a0watermelon<\/a>, from which it was first isolated in 1914 by Koga & Odake. It was finally identified by Wada in 1930.[2]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0It has the idealized\u00a0formula<\/a>H2<\/sub>NC(O)NH(CH2<\/sub>)3<\/sub>CH(NH2<\/sub>)CO2<\/sub>H. It is a key intermediate in the\u00a0urea cycle<\/a>, the pathway by which mammals excrete\u00a0ammonia<\/a>.<\/p>\n Patients with\u00a0rheumatoid arthritis<\/a>\u00a0often have detectable antibodies against proteins containing citrulline. Although the origin of this immune response is not known, detection of antibodies reactive with citrulline (anti-citrullinated protein antibodies<\/a>) containing proteins or peptides is now becoming an important help in the\u00a0diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis<\/a>.[5]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n In recent studies, citrulline has been found to relax blood vessels.[6]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0Circulating citrulline concentration is, in humans, a biomarker of intestinal functionality.[7]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n Citrulline in the form of citrulline\u00a0malate<\/a>\u00a0is sold as a performance-enhancing athletic\u00a0dietary supplement<\/a>, which was shown to reduce muscle fatigue in a preliminary clinical trial.[8]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n The rind of\u00a0watermelon<\/a>\u00a0(Citrullus lanatus<\/i>) is a good natural source of citrulline.[9]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" The\u00a0organic compound\u00a0citrulline\u00a0is an \u03b1-amino acid. Its name is derived from\u00a0citrullus, theLatin\u00a0word for\u00a0watermelon, from which it was first isolated in 1914 by Koga & Odake. It was finally identified by Wada in 1930.[2]\u00a0It has the idealized\u00a0formulaH2NC(O)NH(CH2)3CH(NH2)CO2H. It is a key intermediate in the\u00a0urea cycle, the pathway by which mammals excrete\u00a0ammonia. Although human\u00a0DNA\u00a0does not code for citrulline… Continue reading L-citrulline, reduces muscle fatigue<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[73,74,75],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/amcrasto.theeurekamoments.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1017"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/amcrasto.theeurekamoments.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/amcrasto.theeurekamoments.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/amcrasto.theeurekamoments.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/amcrasto.theeurekamoments.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1017"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/amcrasto.theeurekamoments.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1017\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1021,"href":"https:\/\/amcrasto.theeurekamoments.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1017\/revisions\/1021"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/amcrasto.theeurekamoments.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1017"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/amcrasto.theeurekamoments.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1017"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/amcrasto.theeurekamoments.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1017"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
\nAlthough human\u00a0<\/span>DNA<\/a>\u00a0does not code for citrulline directly, several proteins contain citrulline as a result of a\u00a0<\/span>posttranslational modification<\/a>. These citrulline residues are generated by a family of enzymes called peptidylarginine deiminases (PADs), which convert arginine into citrulline in a process called\u00a0<\/span>citrullination<\/a>\u00a0or deimination. Proteins that normally contain citrulline residues include\u00a0<\/span>myelin basic protein<\/a>\u00a0(MBP),\u00a0<\/span>filaggrin<\/a>, and several\u00a0<\/span>histone<\/a>proteins, whereas other proteins, such as\u00a0<\/span>fibrin<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<\/span>vimentin<\/a>\u00a0are susceptible to citrullination during cell death and tissue\u00a0<\/span>inflammation<\/a>.<\/span>Citrulline is made from\u00a0<\/span>ornithine<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<\/span>carbamoyl phosphate<\/a>\u00a0in one of the central reactions in the urea cycle. It is also produced from\u00a0<\/span>arginine<\/a>\u00a0as a by-product of the reaction catalyzed by\u00a0<\/span>NOS<\/a>\u00a0family (NOS; EC 1.14.13.39).<\/span>[3]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0It is made from arginine by the enzyme<\/span>trichohyalin<\/a>\u00a0at the inner root sheath and medulla of hair follicles.<\/span>[4]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0Arginine is first oxidized into N-hydroxyl-arginine, which is then further oxidized to citrulline concomitant with release of nitric oxide.<\/span><\/h2>\n<\/p>\n
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